{"id":4017,"date":"2022-06-20T15:45:32","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T15:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=4017"},"modified":"2022-06-29T16:44:03","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T16:44:03","slug":"sibylle-riedmiller-and-eleanor-carter-financing-connecting-ambition-with-the-means-to-achieve-a-sustainable-ocean-tourism-model","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/zh\/perspective\/sibylle-riedmiller-and-eleanor-carter-financing-connecting-ambition-with-the-means-to-achieve-a-sustainable-ocean-tourism-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Sibylle Riedmiller \u548c Eleanor Carter \u2014 \u878d\u8d44\uff1a\u5c06\u96c4\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u672a\u5f00\u53d1\u6f5c\u529b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2016 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u627f\u8bfa\u5b9e\u73b0 30\u00d730 \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u786e\u4fdd\u5230 2030 \u5e74\u5168\u7403 30% \u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u9646\u5730\u9762\u79ef\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u7ba1\u7406<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>.\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6269\u5927\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a (MPA) \u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u4f53\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d44\u91d1\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u914d\u5907\u548c\u73b0\u573a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u5e7f\u9614\u6d77\u6d0b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u529b<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>.\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u201c\u7eb8\u516c\u56ed\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 MPA \u6cbb\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u8054\u76df (IUCN) \u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u6cbb\u7406\u7c7b\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff08\u7531\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\uff09\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\uff08\u7531\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6cbb\u7406\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6216\u8de8\u754c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff09<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0cIUCN \u5c06\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a (PPA) \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406 PPA \u7ec4\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\uff1b\u8425\u5229\u6027\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u516c\u53f8\uff1b\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u91ce\u5916\u7ad9\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1b\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u4f53<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9646\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 PPA\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u5bf9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6148\u5584\u8d44\u91d1\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u573a\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\uff1b\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5168\u5305\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u652f\u6301\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u3002\u81ea 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u521b\u4e1a\u578b\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u3001\u4ee5\u6f5c\u6c34\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u548c\u201c\u9152\u5e97\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u201d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>.\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u754c\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u6216\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5f80\u5f80\u9488\u5bf9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u6216\u5305\u542b\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u6f5c\u6c34\u6e38\u5ba2\u6216\u6d77\u6ee9\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u6211\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5f53\u5730\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u548c\/\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u51c6\u5165\u533a\u57df\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b64\u7c7b\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86 <em>\u662f<\/em> \u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a (M-PPA) \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u7684 Chumbe \u5c9b\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684 Misool \u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a M-PPA \u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u90fd\u7531\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u9886\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Chumbe \u5c9b\u73ca\u745a\u516c\u56ed<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684 Chumbe \u5c9b\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09\u4e8e 1991 \u5e74\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u79c1\u4eba\u516c\u53f8 Chumbe Island Coral Park Ltd. (CHICOP) \u6765\u6e38\u8bf4\u4fdd\u62a4\u8be5\u5c9b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 CHICOP \u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0cChumbe \u5c9b MPA \u4e8e 1994 \u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u6355\u635e\u7684\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u9646\u5730\u68ee\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe1<em>. <\/em><\/strong>\u6625\u8d1d\u5c9b<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4023\" src=\"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Chumbe-Island-265x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"454\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Chumbe-Island-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Chumbe-Island-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Chumbe-Island.jpg 332w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a <\/em>Chumbe Island Coral Park Ltd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>CHICOP \u4e0e\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0cCHICOP \u5c06\u5168\u9762\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u573a\u5730\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a M-PPA\u3002\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u79df\u7ed9 CHICOP \u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u9986\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u8d44\u52a9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u8425\u5229\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u5c9b\u4e0a\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6536\u5165\u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u52a9\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f7f Chumbe \u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d22\u52a1\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684 MPA\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u9986\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u96f6\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5916\u8054\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9488\u5bf9\u9644\u8fd1\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u5730\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u79df\u7ea6\u53ef\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u8be5\u5c9b\u6210\u4e3a M-PPA \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7981\u6355\u7901\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 750%\uff0c\u5176\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\u652f\u6301\u8ddd\u79bb Chumbe \u8fb9\u5883\u6570\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6e14\u4e1a\u548c\u7cae\u98df\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6d3b\u7684\u786c\u73ca\u745a\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u8fbe\u523080%\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u4e3a 13,000 \u591a\u540d\u5b66\u7ae5\u548c\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u7c73\u7d22\u5c14\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56db\u738b\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\uff09\u7684\u7c73\u82cf\u5c14\u751f\u6001\u5ea6\u5047\u6751 (MER) \u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e8e 2005 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u4f20\u7edf\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u79df\u8d41\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u9020\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u9986\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u7981\u6355\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a MPA\uff08\u8fb9\u754c\u91cd\u53e0\uff0cMPA \u8986\u76d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 MER \u7981\u6355\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a MPA \u7684\u7981\u6355\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u516c\u5e03\u7684 MPA \uff08NTZ\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 2<\/strong>.\u7c73\u7d22\u5c14\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4024\" src=\"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Misool-Marine-Reserve-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Misool-Marine-Reserve-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Misool-Marine-Reserve-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Misool-Marine-Reserve.png 574w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u8d44\u6e90<\/em>\uff1a\u7c73\u82cf\u5c14\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Baseftin\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5730\u533a\uff0cMER \u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 Misool \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u79df\u8d41\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6269\u5927\u5230\u603b\u9762\u79ef 1,220 \u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u7531\u53d7\u9650\u9f7f\u8f6e\u8d70\u5eca\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5927\u578b NTZ\u3002\u8be5\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u5de1\u903b\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u6388\u6743\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u533a\u7684\u79df\u8d41\u5b89\u6392\u5305\u62ec\u8d22\u52a1\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u671f\u9650\u3001\u53ef\u7eed\u671f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u533a\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u5730\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u8425\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff09\u548c\u793e\u533a\u56de\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u3002 MER \u548c\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8fd8\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u504f\u8fdc\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a M-PPA \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cNTZ \u4e2d\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 250%\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5185\u7684\u9ca8\u9c7c\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5916\u7684 25 \u500d\u3002 2010 \u5e74\u81f3 2016 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8760\u9cbc\u7684\u76ee\u51fb\u6b21\u6570\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 25 \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Chumbe \u548c Misool\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u5176\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6d77\u6d0b\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230 M-PPA \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684 MPA \u4e0d\u540c\uff0cM-PPA \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u72ec\u7acb\u878d\u8d44\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u573a\u5730\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u914d\u5907\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u5730\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u65e2\u5f97\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u590d\u5236\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u6765\u6fc0\u52b1\u5411\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u79c1\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\uff09\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 M-PPA \u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982 Chumbe \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u79df\u8d41\uff08\u5982 Misool \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4efb\u671f\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u7acb M-PPA \u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u671f\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b M-PPA \u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79df\u8d41\u5b89\u6392\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u56fa\u5b9a\u671f\u9650\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ba1\u67e5\u671f\u9650\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4f46\u671f\u9650\u5b89\u6392\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd M-PPA \u5728\u672a\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6295\u8d44\u4f18\u60e0<\/strong>\u2014 M-PPA \u7684\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c06\u627f\u62c5\u4e09\u91cd\u5e95\u7ebf<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> \u5176\u878d\u8d44\u4e2d\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u5e38\u89c4\u5546\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6e14\u6c11\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u975e\u5173\u7a0e\u533a\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d62\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9f13\u52b1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7a0e\u6536\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u7ba1\u7406\u6210\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u5e95\u7ebf\u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u6307\u6807\u548c\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684 M-PPA \u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u900f\u660e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u53ca\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u878d\u8d44\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u660e\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u6307\u6807\u548c\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u660e\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e<\/strong>\u2014 \u4efb\u4f55 M-PPA \u7684\u6210\u529f\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08\u5982 Chumbe \u548c Misool \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb M-PPA \u7684\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5c55\u793a\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u521b\u9020\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u751f\u8ba1\u652f\u6301\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5f53\u5730\u5bf9\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u660e\u786e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u2014 M-PPA \u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5151\u73b0\u5176\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8058\u7528\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u9002\u5f53\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u548c\/\u6216\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5916\u8054\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u5e94\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4fdd\u62a4\u573a\u5730\u7684\u751f\u6001\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9a\u671f\uff08\u6700\u597d\u662f\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5 M-PPA \u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002 2016 \u5e74\uff0cIUCN \u547c\u5401\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4fc3\u8fdb PPA\uff08\u9646\u5730\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff08\u51b3\u8bae #036 WCC\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u56f4\u7ed5\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df2\u5c06\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u201d\uff08OECMs\uff09\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6cbb\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0b\u53cd\u6620\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5236<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>.\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u878d\u8d44\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u548c\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u201d\u5728\u652f\u6301\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>.\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u754c\uff0c\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u5b9e\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>M-PPA \u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a (SME) \u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u62e5\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5728\u73b0\u573a\u4fdd\u6301\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u5730\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 PPA \u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u533a\u57df\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a5\u89e6<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u53f0\u5c06\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684 M-PPA \u6295\u8d44\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5728 M-PPA \u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u8981\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\uff09\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u6cbb\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u5bfb\u6c42\u52a0\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8ba9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0 30\u00d730 \u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> \u56fd\u9645\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u8054\u76df (IUCN)\uff0c\u201c\u652f\u6301\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u201d\uff0cWCC 2016 Res 036\uff0c2016\uff0chttps:\/\/portals.iucn.org\/library\/node\/46453\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u7ecf\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\uff0c <em>\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6709\u6548\u653f\u7b56\u7ec4\u5408<\/em> \uff08\u5df4\u9ece\uff1a\u7ecf\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017 \u5e74\uff09\uff0chttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264276208-en\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> L. Coad\u3001JEM Watson\u3001J. Geldmann\u3001ND Burgess\u3001F. Leverington\u3001M. Hockings\u3001K. Knights \u548c M. Di Marco\uff0c\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u666e\u904d\u77ed\u7f3a\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u201d <em>\u751f\u6001\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u524d\u6cbf<\/em> 17\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 5 (2019): 259\u201364; E. Di Minin \u548c T. Toivonen\uff0c\u201c\u5168\u7403\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u6269\u5f20\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7eb8\u4e0a\u516c\u56ed\u201d\uff0c <em>\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66<\/em> 65\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 7 (2015): 637\u201338; DA Gill\u3001MB Mascia\u3001GN Ahmadia\u3001L. Glew\u3001SE Lester\u3001M. Barnes\u3001I. Craigie \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u963b\u788d\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u201d\uff0c <em>\u81ea\u7136<\/em> 543\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 7647\uff082017\uff09\uff1a665-69\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> N.\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5229\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c <em>\u5e94\u7528\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6307\u5357<\/em> \uff08\u745e\u58eb\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\uff1aIUCN\uff0c2008 \u5e74\uff09\uff1b PJS Jones\u3001RH Murray \u548c O. Vestergaard\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u5357\u201d\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u89c4\u5212\u7f72\uff0c2019 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> BA Mitchell\u3001S. Stolton\u3001J. Bezaury-Creel\u3001HC Bingham\u3001TL Cumming\u3001N. Dudley\u3001JA Fitzsimons \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c <em>\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u6307\u5357<\/em>, \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u6307\u5357\u7cfb\u5217\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 29\uff08\u745e\u58eb\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\uff1aIUCN\uff0c2018 \u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> \u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u8054\u76df\uff0c <em>\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u672a\u6765<\/em>, 2015, https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/content\/futures-privately-protected-areas; IUCN\uff0c\u201c\u652f\u6301\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u201d\uff1b L. Nordlund\u3001U. Kloiber\u3001E. Carter \u548c S. Riedmiller\uff0c\u201cChumbe \u5c9b\u73ca\u745a\u516c\u56ed\uff1a\u6cbb\u7406\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff0c <em>\u6d77\u6d0b\u653f\u7b56<\/em> 41 (2013)\uff0cdoi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpol.2012.12.018\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> S. Colwell\uff0c\u201c\u521b\u4e1a\u578b\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff1a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u5728 <em>\u73ca\u745a\u7901\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u673a\u9047<\/em>, 110\u201314\uff08\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\uff0c1997 \u5e74\uff09\uff1b J. Udelhoven\u3001E. Carter \u548c B. Gilmer\uff0c <em>\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u73ca\u745a\u4e09\u89d2\u533a\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/em> \uff08\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u963f\u7075\u987f\uff1a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff09\uff1b J. De Groot \u548c S. Bush\uff0c\u201c\u6f5c\u6c34\u65c5\u6e38\u5728\u5e93\u62c9\u7d22\u5f15\u9886\u521b\u4e1a\u6d77\u6d0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u201d\uff0c <em>\u6d77\u6d0b\u653f\u7b56<\/em> 34 (2010): 1051\u201359, 10.1016\/j.marpol.2010.03.004\uff1b C. Torres \u548c N. Hanley\uff0c\u201c21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f30\u503c\uff1a\u4ece\u7ba1\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u201d\uff0cDEA \u5de5\u4f5c\u8bba\u6587\u7b2c 1 \u53f7\u3002 75 (2016)\uff0c\u5df4\u5229\u963f\u91cc\u7fa4\u5c9b\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> \u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u91cd\u5e95\u7ebf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd0\u8425\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u201c\u4e09\u201d\u5e95\u7ebf\u2014\u2014\u8d22\u52a1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u5229\u6da6\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5730\u7403\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3002 J. Elkington\uff0c\u201c\u8fc8\u5411\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53cc\u8d62\u5546\u4e1a\u6218\u7565\u201d\uff0c <em>\u52a0\u5dde\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba<\/em> 36\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 2 (1994): 90\u2013100; T. Hacking \u548c P. Guthrie\uff0c\u201c\u9610\u660e\u4e09\u91cd\u5e95\u7ebf\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u201d <em>\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u5ba1\u67e5<\/em> 28 (2008): 73\u201389\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> OECM \u4e0e PPA \u4e0d\u540c\u3002 OECM \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u533a\u57df <em>\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6210\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c31\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f53\u5730\u76f8\u5173\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08 CBD\/COP\/DEC\/14\/8-2018\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136 OECM <em>\u4e0d\u662f<\/em> \u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff09\uff0cM-PPA <em>\u662f<\/em> \u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <em>\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6295\u8d44<\/em> \u5bfb\u6c42\u4ea7\u751f\u8d22\u52a1\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u521b\u9020\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6295\u8d44\uff0c <em>\u6148\u5584\u6295\u8d44<\/em> \u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6350\u8d60\u8d44\u91d1\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u73af\u5883\u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> \u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6 PPA \u534f\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u957f\u8dd1 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelongrun.org\/\">https:\/\/www.thelongrun.org\/<\/a>) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u7403\u751f\u6001\u5708\u9759\u4fee\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u65c5\u6e38\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u6765\u6269\u5927\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":4080,"template":"","perspective_tag":[101],"perspective_category":[108],"opportunity":[119],"class_list":["post-4017","perspective","type-perspective","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","perspective_tag-expert-essay","perspective_category-financing-connecting-ambition-with-the-means-to-achieve-sustainability","opportunity-sustainable-coastal-marine-tourism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - 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