{"id":4007,"date":"2022-06-20T06:07:47","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T06:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=4007"},"modified":"2022-06-29T16:44:03","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T16:44:03","slug":"lisa-bishop-voices-inclusive-and-participatory-models-for-ocean-tourism","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/zh\/perspective\/lisa-bishop-voices-inclusive-and-participatory-models-for-ocean-tourism\/","title":{"rendered":"Lisa Bishop \u2014 \u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u6a21\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e 1700 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u533a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba9\u516c\u4f17\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f31\u52bf\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6388\u6743\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u521b\u9020\u673a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u5c55\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u51cf\u8f7b\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5bf9\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u6709\u673a\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8d44\u52a9\u5c06\u52a0\u901f\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u65c5\u6e38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c2017 \u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6709 13 \u4ebf\u6e38\u5ba2\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u6cbf\u6d77\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5230 2030 \u5e74\u5c06\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 18 \u4ebf\u6e38\u5ba2\u524d\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u5730<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>.\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd1\u5cb8\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u751f\u6001\u654f\u611f\u5730\u533a\u9881\u5e03\u9632\u6652\u971c\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9632\u6652\u4e2a\u4eba\u62a4\u7406\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6b27\u80e1\u5c9b\u54c8\u7459\u9a6c\u6e7e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u5236\u5b9a\u7f13\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u548c\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5c9b\u7684\u5361\u54c8\u9c81\u4e4c\u6e7e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u662f\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u5728 COVID-19 \u5927\u6d41\u884c\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u6709 3,000-6,000 \u4eba\u53c2\u89c2\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u6210\u529f\u5021\u5bfc\u51cf\u5c11\u6d77\u6e7e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u65c5\u6e38\u5e76\u51cf\u8f7b\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u7684\u9632\u6652\u971c\u6c61\u67d3\u6d4b\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6700\u9ad8<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>.\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u901a\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u9500\u552e\u542b\u6709\u6c27\u82ef\u916e\u548c\u8f9b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u9632\u6652\u971c\u7684\u7981\u4ee4<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>.\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6e38\u6cf3\u8005\u7684\u6c27\u82ef\u916e\u5bf9\u6050\u9f99\u7684\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6d77\u6ee9\u6dcb\u6d74\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d77\u6e7e\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5b83\u5efa\u8bae\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u5bc6\u96c6\u65c5\u6e38\u671f\u95f4\u6050\u9f99\u7684\u9632\u6652\u971c\u8d1f\u8377\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>.\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u7ea6 95% \u7684\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u6e38\u5ba2\u662f\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u9632\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u8f6c\u5411\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u540e\u7684\u518d\u751f\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201c\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u4e4b\u53cb\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u2014\u2014\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u674e\uff082020 \u5e74\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5360\u5730 4 \u82f1\u4ea9\u7684 Kahalu&#039;u \u6e7e\u662f\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5c9b\u897f\u4fa7\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4f11\u95f2\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u6bcf\u5e74\u63a5\u5f85\u8d85\u8fc7 400,000 \u540d\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 <em>\u5e93\u6728\u5229\u6ce2<\/em><a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>\uff0c\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u521b\u4e16\u5723\u6b4c <em>`uku ko`ako`a <\/em>\uff08\u73ca\u745a\u866b\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 Kahalu&#039;u \u6e7e\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ca\u5176 ReefTeach \u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4f18\u5316\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u793e\u533a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u6e7e\u4ee5\u9020\u798f\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e00\u6837<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8216;<em>\u5728 Cindi Punihaole-Kennedy \u963f\u59e8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0cKahalu&#039;u Bay \u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3 (KBEC) \u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u5e73\u8861\u4e86 Kahalu&#039;u Bay \u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>&#039;<em>\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5c9b\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u5fc5\u770b\u666f\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5dde\u548c\u53bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u897f\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u793e\u533a\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5408\u4f5c\uff0cKBEC \u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6816\u606f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u533a<\/em>&#039;<em>\u53d7\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f9b\u540e\u4ee3\u4eab\u7528\u3002 <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u2014\u2014\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u53c2\u8bae\u5458 Dru Mamo Kanuha\uff082022 \u5e74\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u518d\u751f\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u548c\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u79ef\u6781\u878d\u5165\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u8106\u5f31\u6216\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6682\u505c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u6765\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u56e0\u51e0\u4ee3\u8fc7\u5ea6\u65c5\u6e38\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u590d\u82cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u590d\u5174\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u5b83\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4ee5\u6b22\u8fce\u6e38\u5ba2\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u518d\u751f\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f <em>\u5e93\u5229\u4e9a\u7eb3<\/em> \uff08\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40 20-25 \u6218\u7565\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u533a\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u8425\u9500\u56db\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e0a<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>\uff0c \u8fd9 <em>\u9a6c\u62c9\u739b<\/em> \u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u4f17\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f31\u52bf\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9080\u8bf7\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e30\u5bcc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u5206\u4eab\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6587\u5316\u3001\u56de\u9988\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u4ee3\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u9488\u5bf9\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b63\u5ff5\u65c5\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5ef6\u7eed\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u4e3a\u8eab\u4e34\u5176\u5883\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u975e\u51e1\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\u4ee3\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u518d\u751f\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u7740\u6539\u5584\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u5efa\u7acb\u5145\u6ee1\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201c\u770b\u5230 2022 \u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6d77\u6d0b\u4f1a\u8bae\u7275\u5934\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6d77\u6d0b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u81ea\u8c6a\u60a8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u4e4b\u53cb\u7684\u6bd5\u6653\u666e\u5973\u58eb\u4e3a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u58f0.\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6446\u8131\u4e86 COVID 19\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e\u4e3a\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u65c5\u6e38\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u2014\u2014\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5409\u6069\u00b7\u6c83\u5fb7\uff082022\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> C. Doyle\u3001D. Rodreck\u3001Y. Li\u3001M. Luczak-Roesch\u3001D. Anderson \u548c CM Pierson\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5728 <em>WebSci &#039;19\uff1a\u7b2c 10 \u5c4a ACM \u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u96c6<\/em> \uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c2019\uff09\uff0c71\u201380\uff0chttps:\/\/ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">\u571f\u4e95<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145%2F3292522.3326022\">10.1145\/3292522.3326022<\/a>; T. Gura\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u4e1a\u4f59\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c <em>\u81ea\u7136<\/em> 496\uff082013\uff09\uff0chttps:\/\/doi:10.1038\/nj7444-259a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> TD Jessen\u3001NC Ban\u3001NX Claxton\u3001CT Darimont \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u571f\u8457\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u201d\uff0c <em>\u751f\u6001\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u524d\u6cbf<\/em> 20\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 2\uff082021\uff09\uff0chttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fee.2435\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> \u4e16\u754c\u65c5\u6e38\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c <em>\u4e16\u65c5\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/em><em> \u65c5\u6e38\u4eae\u70b9<\/em><em>: 2017 \u5e74\u7248<\/em> \uff08\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\uff1a\u4e16\u65c5\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c2017 \u5e74\uff09\uff0chttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.18111\/9789284419029\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> CA Downs\uff0c\u201c\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u6d77\u6c34\u4e2d\u6c27\u82ef\u916e\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u6d4b\u91cf\u201d\uff0c2018 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> \u7b2c 104 \u53f7\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u6709\u5173\u201d\uff0c\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u4f1a\u8bae\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c2018 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> CA Downs, L. Bishop, MS Diaz Cruz, SA Haghshenas, D. Stien, AMS Rodrigues \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u9632\u6652\u971c\u6c61\u67d3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6c27\u82ef\u916e\u6c61\u67d3\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6050\u9f99\u6e7e\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u74e6\u80e1\u5c9b\uff0c\u201d <em>\u5316\u5b66\u5708 <\/em>291\uff082021\uff09\uff1a132880\uff0chttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132880\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> \u6a80\u9999\u5c71\u5e02\u548c\u53bf\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u901a\u8baf\uff0c2022 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0chttps:\/\/www.honolulu.gov\/parks-hbay\/home.html\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> \u201cKumulipo\uff1a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u521b\u4f5c\u5723\u6b4c\u201d\uff0c <em>\u4ed6Make&#039;e Wa&#039;a<\/em>, 2015, https:\/\/www.hemakeewaa.org\/kumulipo-and-duality-of-nature\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> Kohala \u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0cKahalu\u02bbu \u6e7e\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2022\uff0chttps:\/\/kohalacenter.org\/kbec\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> \u590f\u5a01\u5937\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\uff0c <em>\u6218\u7565\u8ba1\u5212<\/em><em> 2020\u20132025<\/em>, https:\/\/www.hawaiitourismauthority.org\/media\/4286\/hta-strategic-plan-2020-2025.pdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> \u590f\u5a01\u5937\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\uff0c\u201c\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u9a6c\u62c9\u9a6c\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\uff0c2021 \u5e74 6 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0chttps:\/\/www.hawaiitourismauthority.org\/news\/news-releases\/2021\/hawaii-tourism-authority-launches-educational-\u9a6c\u62c9\u9a6c\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u6218\u5f79\/\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":4009,"template":"","perspective_tag":[101],"perspective_category":[107],"opportunity":[119],"class_list":["post-4007","perspective","type-perspective","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","perspective_tag-expert-essay","perspective_category-voices-inclusive-and-participatory-models-for-coastal-and-marine-tourism","opportunity-sustainable-coastal-marine-tourism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - 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